Both sides of free trade Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The two sides of facilitated commerce - Research Paper Example ironmental manageability, the citification system of makers in sending out nations and confirmation of items in bringing in nations and making attention to such items among purchasers of the created world (Singh, 2001). Then again facilitated commerce is a worldwide exertion to do global exchange liberated from negative protectionist practices, for example, higher duties on imports, endowments to residential makers, remote trade limitations, dumping less expensive merchandise abroad, forcing questionable guidelines on imports and import replacement by propping up inconvenient local enterprises. Hypothetically organized commerce depends on neoliberal monetary standards going back to Ricardo’s contention on the guideline of similar bit of leeway. Organized commerce and reasonable exchange aren’t fundamentally the equivalent however a portion of a definitive results would merge. Truth be told divergences between the two are numerous and if organized commerce were rehearsed with full power surely, reasonable exchange would take a secondary lounge. Globalization has been the trick word utilized by numerous who supporter facilitated commerce. Such individuals intensely bolster all and everything for the sake of unhindered commerce. Then again reasonable exchange is a removed cousin of facilitated commerce. An unavoidable part of this connection between the two is that the previous is minimized while the last is very much positioned at the focal point of the worldwide market. Reasonable exchange is basically packed with multifaceted subtleties going from advertise get to help procedures to underestimated makers to maintainability endeavors. Such respectable standards need some hypothetical and theoretical structures to help them however. Facilitated commerce hypotheses are numerous while the standard of near favorable position is the most overwhelming among them. The premise on which facilitated commerce is upheld by its supporters is controlled by a progression of contentions which thusly are related with neoliberal points of view. In any case globalization is the sensible reason utilized by supporters of universal facilitated commerce to

Engineer do to improve environment Free Essays

It is evaluated that the world oil stores will keep going for 30 to 40 years. Then again, sun oriented vitality is endless 4. Model: Changing Airport and KALI intended to completely utilized the sun powered vitality Main point 2 : Reduce the employments of chlorofluorocarbons (CUFF) and decrease the vitality utilization. We will compose a custom article test on Architect do to improve condition or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now 1. Past: most cooling gadget like cooler and climate control system utilizing CUFF 2. Impact : demolish the Ozone layer in the air 3. Presently: overhaul of the climate control system and fridge without utilizing CUFF and less vitality utilization. 4. Central matter 3: The employments of biodegradable thing 1 . All the more innovatively propelled 2. Produce materials ; withstand extraordinary temperatures, tough and simple to utilize 3. Biodegradable items are those that can be deteriorated by microorganisms and other regular natural procedures 4. 80% vegetable starch and 20% of vegetable oil 5. Biodegradable things are helpful in lessening the measure of waste in landfills Plastic sacks 10-20 years Soft plastic (bottle). Instructions to refer to Engineer do to improve condition, Papers

Military appts Essay Example for Free

Military appts Essay Medical checkups are missed every single day by individuals who either neglect to appear or decide not to call and drop their arrangement. One reason why it is ideal to attempt to keep your medical checkup is on the grounds that it is the well mannered activity. OK organize a prospective employee meeting with an organization you were not kidding about working for yet then neglect to appear? Actually no, not in the non military personnel world. It is critical to plan routine medical checkups normally to guarantee appropriate treatment varying to think about my wellbeing as a harmed officer. I plan my arrangements so I can take a shot at treating my wounds truly and intellectually so when I medicinally resign I can seek after a superior eventual fate of recuperating and carrying on with a sound existence with a more prominent possibility of being alive much longer than if I didnt take appropriate treatment. In the event that I didnt think arrangement were significant than I would see my wellbeing go downhill and the recuperation would be about inconceivable. Its essential to be on time to my arrangements provided that I were late I wouldnt get the best possible treatment I need, I would be removing time from another fighter that thinks his arrangements are similarly as significant for his treatment and it wouldnt be reasonable for anybody, including myself and my solid life and another explanation is on the grounds that it is my place of obligation while in the military. When booking arrangements you would prefer not to miss them for various reasons. In the event that you miss the arrangement, you are not just burning through your primary care physicians time. You could likewise put your wellbeing in danger in the event that you don't begin your treatment as fast as could be expected under the circumstances. It is inconsiderate to your primary care physician and you are not finishing treatment that is significant for your wellbeing. Somebody who additionally required treatment sooner could have had the chance to be checked whether I was going to timetable and miss my arrangement. One of the essential worries with missed arrangements is that they limit access to think about various patients. At the point when patients neglect to show up for their arrangements or they dont call and drop ahead of time, its sort of difficult to have enough arrangements to meet the human services needs of different patients. Making an arrangement is equivalent to promising you will be some place at the settled upon time. Similarly as you anticipate that a supplier should be there as booked, the supplier anticipates that you should be there too. The dental office bolsters several individuals per day and strives to keep the way toward seeing Soldiers streaming easily. Missing an arrangement interferes with that procedure and makes pointless extra work for schedulers, suppliers, and staff. We will probably bolster the association that underpins us by meeting all arrangements. Despite the fact that I can comprehend your missing an arrangement due to ongoing interruptions, there is no substantial reason for missing an arrangement. We should figure out how to ensure you dont miss future arrangements. Individuals utilize an assortment of strategies yet they all offer one thing in like manner: they all acknowledge, right now they make the arrangement, that they have made a guarantee to be available at a specific time and place and should figure out how to ensure they meet their commitment. A few people have built up strategies that they use again and again, for example, recording the arrangement in an arrangement book and exploring it day by day. Others record it on a clingy note and put it some place where they will see it consistently to help them to remember the looming arrangement. I won't direct the strategy you use on the grounds that we will likely ensure you meet every single future arrangement and the technique I propose may not work for you. You should pick a strategy that works for you and guarantee you make all future appointmets on the grounds that further missed arrangements will bring about progressively extreme activity and influence your vocation.

Your A+ Roadmap to College Part One

When should you start thinking about college? We are tempted to say, â€Å"It’s never too early.† That might be misleading. Certainly, a third-grader has better things to do than compare â€Å"superscoring† policies! However, planning ahead allows you plenty of time to make important college decisions without feeling rushed or pressured. The PSAT is a good place to start. The PSAT is typically taken for the first time in the fall of your sophomore year. The sophomore PSAT is a good indicator of academic areas you need to focus on. This â€Å"early warning system† offers three benefits: It gives you time to work on your skills to improve your performance on the Junior PSAT. You may decide to look at troublesome material independently, with your teachers, or with a tutor (or all three). The results of the sophomore PSAT may influence your selection of courses or motivate you to spend more time on geometry, for example. You might consider revisiting subjects you learned in lower grades. It’s surprising how many students reveal that they have not had any grammar instruction since they started high school. It helps you aim for the PSAT/NMSQT. The junior year PSAT is the test that can qualify you for the National Merit Scholarship. Being a National Merit Scholar looks particularly good on college and merit scholarship applications. It helps you prepare for the SAT or ACT. Taking the sophomore PSAT allows you to assess your standardized testing strengths and weaknesses in a relatively low-pressure setting. It also lets you experience the SAT format. Later, you can take a practice ACT and see which test you prefer. Other tests that should be on your radar in both sophomore and junior years are SAT subject tests and AP exams. Not all schools require SAT subject tests. Find out if the schools you are interested in do require them. For each specific SAT Subject Test, we suggest that you take it immediately after completing the highest level course necessary for that subject test. AP exams, while not required at most colleges and universities, can add value to your application and may allow you to earn college credits. Each college has its own policy regarding AP credit, so, again, you will need to check with the colleges directly. Be selective—only send scores of 4 and above. The summer before your junior year is the time to take your first practice SAT or ACT (A+ provides practice proctored tests that give you a nice feel for the real thing). Evaluating your practice test scores with an A+ director can help you formulate a test prep â€Å"game plan† that includes: Which standardized test (SAT or ACT) to take. When to take the test. How many times to take the test. Understanding which subject areas and strategies to focus on to boost your score. Before you start your junior year, you should find out when the SAT or ACT tests will be scheduled. Whichever test you choose, plan to take it more than once. This reduces pressure on you, the test-taker. In fact most students take the test 2 or 3 times in order to achieve their highest â€Å"superscore.† It is also possible to take the SAT or ACT between your junior and senior years—or even, if you require it, during your senior year. Talk to the colleges of your choice and know the latest possible deadline for submitting scores. The timeline above is a general one; it will vary based on, for example, your initial practice test score. For a true personalized testing schedule, talk to our A+ staff. One of them will help you set up the schedule that works best for you. By now you may be thinking, â€Å"Hmm. The stops on this roadmap seem to consist exclusively of testing and test prep.† Standardized testing is not the only part of college admissions, although it is an important one. In the second part of this series, we will look at other aspects of college preparation. College tour, anyone? At A+ Test Prep and Tutoring, our focus is always on you. Our practices are based on the latest developments in educational theory and research. We have an excellent team of tutors who can help you with standardized testing, executive functioning, or achievement in any other school subject. If you would like more information, our Client Service Directors Anne Stanley and Susan Ware are available to answer questions and provide solutions. You may reach either of them by calling A+ Test Prep and Tutoring at 215-886-9188.

Influence Of International Culture On The Fashion Industry

Influence of International Culture on the Fashion Industry The author’s curiosity towards the Fashion industry, and all the different sub sectors in and amongst it, was ignited at an adolescent age through the phenomenal approbation they felt for the Walt Disney motion pictures and viewing for the first time all the heroes, protagonists and villains that were featured on the animated screens wearing fabulous, flamboyant costumes and garments, that projected high fashion, couture in the most over embellished manner. Introduction The fashion industry is a multibillion global initiative, circulating around the design, manufacture, supply, marketing and retail of clothing, it is one of the most lucrative industries throughout the biosphere. It exemplifies an imperative fragment towards individuals expressing their identity. (Vidyadharghate 2015) Fashion is a replication of societal, monetary, dogmatic and cultural vicissitudes. It articulates avant-gardism, signifying the essence of the eras. (Zegheau, L 2014) Fashion, accommodates to everyone, men, women, children and infants. It can be differentiated into subdivisions; high fashion, couture, haute, mass apparel, fast fashion and ready to wear. (Steele, V 2015) Clothing allows individuals the opportunity to differentiate themselves, whilst fulfilling a chief part in the societal edifice of distinctiveness. Apparel adoptions allow people the opportunity to construe culture in their own way. Over the generations clothing hasShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Globalization on Fashion with Special Reference to the Impact of Japanese Designs on the European Scene1527 Words   |  7 Pagesct Analyse the effect of ‘Globalization’ on fashion with special reference to the impact of Japanese designs on the European scene. The definition of globalisation is quite complex and extremely controversial. However globalization with reference to the fashion industry helps defines the development of what has been termed as „world fashion‟. Preferred garments of young people is quite often the same. A phenomenon made possible by the exploitative mechanisms of globalization. The globalizationRead MoreThe Effect of Globalization on Fashion with Special Reference to the Impact of Japanese Designs on the European Scene1521 Words   |  7 Pagesct Analyse the effect of ‘Globalization’ on fashion with special reference to the impact of Japanese designs on the European scene. The definition of globalisation is quite complex and extremely controversial. However globalization with reference to the fashion industry helps defines the development of what has been termed as „world fashion‟. Preferred garments of young people is quite often the same. A phenomenon made possible by the exploitative mechanisms of globalization. The globalization ofRead MoreAnalysis of the Fashion Industry1301 Words   |  6 PagesFashion is one of the world’s most important creative industries. It has provided economic thought with a canonical example in theorizing about consumption and conformity. Social thinkers have long treated fashion as a window upon social class and social change. Cultural theorists have focused on fashion to reflect on symbolic meaning and social ideals. Fashion has also been seen to embody representative characteristics of modernity, and even of culture itself. Everyone wears clothing and inevitablyRead MoreFashion Is A Big Part Of Society And It Is Indispensable For Us1208 Words   |  5 PagesI. Introduction Fashion is a big part of society and it is indispensable for us. Without fashion our life have no tastes because fashion has a lot of possibilities of changing our life. According to The Telegraph, A spokesman for clothes giant Matalan which polled 2,491 women and was based on 16 to 60 age. They found that women spend an average 16 minutes deciding what to wear on every morning and 14 minutes on weekend in front of their closet. You just did not notice that our life is influencedRead MoreGlobalization Is The Key Of Success For All Countries1183 Words   |  5 Pagesexplore the definition of globalization, advantages and disadvantages of globalization and explore the way globalization can influence on people. 2.1What is globalization â€Å"Globalization is the worldwide movement toward the information, financial, economics, and trade as well as communication integration†. It is a crucial process, where people do business on an international scale. 2.2History The industrial revolution is the most important period in the history of globalization because thereRead MoreLiterature Review of Global Fashion Branding and Marketing1445 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Literature Review This literature review examines the process of global fashion branding and marketing by looking at historical trends and methods used by different companies. The articles were chosen for their appropriates as global source materials which reflect some aspect of fashion branding and marketing. The attempt was to gain a comprehensive view of branding and marketing as they occur in the fashion industry and the how both are achieved. Review Marketing departments look to trendsRead MoreBritish American Influence on Australia1015 Words   |  5 PagesDuring this period of Australias history, our modes of entertainment, food, fashion, sporting culture and our social values and attitudes were largely dictated by British culture. One of the most significant changes to have taken place in Australian society since the end of WWII, has been its drift towards American, rather than British culture. As the American way of life was projected further into Australia via popular culture, it would rapidly alter the ways we spent our money, entertained ourselvesRead MoreWhat is Hip Hop?1057 Words   |  5 Pagescannot downplay the cultural influences that hip-hop has impressed on the world. Merriam-Webster defines hip-hop as the stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rap (citation). Although the conventional definition of hip-hop is generally correct, it does not adequately portray the gravity of the movement. Coined by the urban youth, Hip-hop has forced its way to the pinnacle of mainstream America. Hip-hop’s massive influence on the English language, the fashion industry, and world peace warrantsRead MoreDoes the Caribbean Contribute to the Americanization of Its Media?1322 Words   |  6 Pagesâ⠂¬Å"Do you believe Caribbean Media are victims or causal factors of the Americanization of Caribbean Culture?† There has been an ongoing debate as to whether The Americanization phenomenon, has been perpetuated by the media across the Caribbean. It must be stated, that the Americanization phenomenon, can be synonymous with Globalisation. Hence it very pertinent to the discussion, to first defines the denotative meaning of the term Globalisation. (Dr.Maria Alfaro) defines Globalisation as: â€Å"ARead MoreDoes the Caribbean Contribute to the Americanization of Its Media?1336 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Do you believe Caribbean Media are victims or causal factors of the Americanization of Caribbean Culture?† There has been an ongoing debate as to whether The Americanization phenomenon, has been perpetuated by the media across the Caribbean. It must be stated, that the Americanization phenomenon, can be synonymous with Globalisation. Hence it very pertinent to the discussion, to first defines the denotative meaning of the term Globalisation. (Dr.Maria Alfaro) defines Globalisation as: â€Å"A

Symbolism in The Farming of Bones by Edwidge Danticat Essay

Symbolism in The Farming of Bones by Edwidge Danticat Edwidge Danticats novel, The Farming of Bones is an epic portrayal of the relationship between Haitians and Dominicans under the rule of Generalissimo Rafael Trujillo leading up to the Slaughter of 1937. The novel revolves around a few main concepts, these being birth, death, identity, and place and displacement. Each of the aspects is represented by an inanimate object. Water, dreams, twins, and masks make up these representations. Symbolism is consistent throughout the novel and gives the clearly stated and unsophisticated language a deeper more complex meaning. While on the surface the novel is an easy read, the symbolism which is prominent throughout the novel†¦show more content†¦Within the first four chapters the Senora is in labor and much to her surprise, and the surprise of the readers, the Senora gives birth to a set of twins. Upon the arrival of the twins it is said that most babies begin as twins but one usually kills the other as a result of having to share the same womb. Many of us start out as twins in the belly and do away with the other, says Doctor Javier (p. 19). This is an exact parallel to Haitians and Dominicans. The womb is the island that the two nations share, and they are the twins, one of which will most likely kill the other. It becomes abundantly clear throughout the novel the amount of hatred and disgust the two nations have for one another and when one of the twins dies unexpectedly, readers are left wondering which nation will be the first to fall. There was quite a difference between the twins as one was lighter skinned, and the other, much to the familys dismay, had much darker skin. The Dominican Republic was represented by the stronger, lighter skinned, male baby, and Haiti was portrayed by the weak, dark skinned, female child. When, much to the readers surprise, the male child is the one that dies, it implies a sort of uncertain future for the Dominicans. The use of twins is an important aspect of the novel as it al lows the author to inform her readers through symbolism as opposed to literally disturbing the story line. After Kongo loses his son, Joel, heShow MoreRelated Massacre in Edwidge Danticats The Farming of Bones Essay1760 Words   |  8 PagesMassacre in Edwidge Danticats The Farming of Bones The massacre that Edwidge Danticat describes in The Farming of Bones is a historical event. In 1937, the Dominican Republic’s dictator, Rafael Trujillo, ordered the slaughter of Haitians on the border of the two countries. Twelve thousand Haitians died during the massacre (Roorda 301). The Massacre River, which forms the northern portion of the border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic, was named for a separate massacre in the nineteenth-centuryRead MoreThe Farming of Bones: the Symbolic Portrayal of Waters Relation to Death vs. Life1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough water in her journey and Danticat shows us how it affects her in the novel. In a time where there was much death and tragedy, Danticat’s depictions gives us insight into just how horrific the events were that took place during the period of the novel. In Edwidge Danticat’s The Farming of Bones, water is viewed upon as a symbol of death vs. life and is a common theme in the novel especially in r eference to the Massacre River. The Farming of Bones by Edwidge Danticat revolves around the true eventsRead MoreSymbolism in The Farming of Bones2123 Words   |  9 PagesJustin Peterkin Eng150-014 Prof. N. Essey 11/15/11 Research Essay Symbolism in The Farming Of Bones In The Farming of Bones, a story based on tragic real life events written by Edwidge Danticat, a Haitian girl named Amabelle attempts to establish a new life for herself in the neighboring Dominican Republic after the tragic deaths of both her parents. After establishing herself in the Dominican town of Alegria as a servant for a Dominican family, Amabelles whole way of life is once again turnedRead MoreThe Farming of Bones Summary1688 Words   |  7 Pages02.29.08 Component B â€Å"The Farming of Bones† By: ~Edwidge Danticat~ Talking about the culture brought throughout this book, your looking at a Latin American culture, specifically the Dominican/Haitian cultures. As I read this book, beyond the many numerous ways she worded her sentences and how the characters spoke, they often spoke with a definant difference than you would hear here in common U.S. language. They would constantly use inferences to what they were

Human Resource Management Striking Penalties and Organising Industry

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management for Striking Penalties and Organising Industry. Answer: Introduction Employee health and safety regulations discusses the strategies with introducing the set of laws, conducting assessment, striking penalties, organising industry campaigns and more which are effecting in accomplishing the required policy result of reducing work related mishaps, injuries and disease. The plans that employment health and safety controllers the employers to observed as ways of prevailing in the place of work to complete the result of policy. Particularly these strategies offer production, managers and employees with resources, motivation and penalty with the plan of varying the performance. Fabius et al., (2013) examined distinction in motivation involving dissimilar group of business. They distinguished that the proper allegations in small and medium enterprises articulated in terms of administrators understanding an individual who may get hurt while in large and well known business they were articulated in terms of social morals. The aim of the literature review is to build up and process descriptive models to discuss the set of actions accepted by regulators directed towards modification into the security outcome. The literature review discusses the new regulations, inspections, prosecution, guidance materials, production campaigns, imposed undertakings and partnership and incentive proposals. Preface of the new policies The beginning of a new system is one of the significant approaches, which the government use to manipulate the security practices of business and individuals in the place of work (Robertson et al., 2013). The section refers to a specific occasion of a new guideline, which resembles into the process, rather than the exceptional variety of actions undertaken by controllers. The result refers to the modification in the objective behaviour in the long-term goals, which includes decline in the possible damage. Depending on the variety of contextual factors, the regulation mechanism may offer different conclusions. Economic climate discusses the industry level activity and the rate of unemployment. Labour force demographic variables discusses the age of the workers, existence of the union, level of education in the workplace and cultural approaches toward guideline in few of the groups. Industry variables discuss the amount of the business, manufacturing sector and acceptance of the guideline. These appropriate factors are expected to have dissimilar effects at dissimilar stages in the process of changing. The level of attention in different groups, which includes the small and medium industries, high and low exposure industries has dissimilar effects. (Phillips et al., 2015). As soon as the industries become aware of the rules and regulations they likely to differ in the decisions. Conducting inspection with or without the penalty: Work health and security assessments aims to convince the workers to follow the policy. It may include both instructive and enforcement elements. There are two key body of literature on the impact on the inspection on the performance of the employee and safety conclusions. There are other bodies for socio legal literature. There is also a general body for the quantitative investigation. Inspection can improve the health and safety outcomes mainly of small business and others that do not have any experience or minimal experience in businesses. Instead of the general injury rate the severity of injuries can be reduced with the help of the inspection. The inspection can show small or medium enterprises with penalties maybe more likely to lead the changes in consequent performance. Depending of the size of the business the different mechanism leads to change. For a small business, the primary method resulting in the modification is to understand the rules and regulations. It is difficult to get in touch with the inspector for a small business. The examiner might be the crucial personality who will provide the company some important information about the management of the problems and suggest controls for the business. Prosecution: In criminal law the main purposes of prosecution is to penalize the illegal behaviour, prevent the lawbreaker from re offending and to act as a disincentive to others. While work strength and security offences are illegal offences in the legal system of Australia, it has been argued that in custom, offences are often treated as dictatorial violations rather than illegal offences. The legal representation of the way that prosecution influences performance states that trial demonstrates to the society that illegal acts will be penalized and deter others. Punishment is also proposed to serve a specific restriction effect by sending a signal to the lawbreaker about the significance of their behaviour. Prosecution has a small effect, which is more significant for the larger business. Large business are more worried about the probable damage of the companys reputation. A small business has very inadequate alertness of prosecution. The information are mainly gathered from the media and individual contacts (Hughes Ferrett, 2015). A large business, which has access to the skills and assets to monitor and understand work health and safety prosecution, is able to extract appropriate information that they could apply to improve their own security practices. Guidance material: To increase the awareness and offer information about the risks and appropriate controls, guidance materials have been used by the work health and safety regulators. Despite greater use of the management materials and codes of practices by the health and safety controllers, there has been very few evidence of the effectiveness in constructing changes in behaviour. Robertson et al., (2013) recommended that small and medium size enterprises faces difficulty in applying common information to their specific situation, and it strongly favour specific information about what they must do. Campaigns: Campaigns mainly work towards providing information of improved observance and growing the apparent possibility of the enforcement. The concept of social marketing is another approach that has been broadly used in the local movements focussing on the health of the public and community goods. Social marketing involves the submission of marketing principles to the endorsement of the social objectives. It involves the utilization of estimation as a substitute to information stipulation. According to Robertson et al., (2013) promotions are more likely to be successful if the company uses a mixture of learning and enforcement. The campaigns organized by the work health and security industry usually consist of a set of performance. These activities include assessments, allotment of guidance objects, workshops, seminars that tries to influence the outcomes of the issues related to health and safety. If a campaign uses a combination of culture and enforcement, it is more likely to change the behaviour of an individual employee. Threat of administration may be an important way of changing the behaviour mostly among the large businesses. However, acceptance of the advice to the advice and maintaining of services can be more helpful and efficient for the small businesses. It suggests that the needs and abilities of different businesses might be optimal. Enforceable activities: Enforceable activities are discussed between the business and the controller as an option to responsibility procedures of the court. Once a controller who has accepted the law enforcement, any violation in the enforceable actions will subject to penalty (Yorio et al., 2015). Activities mainly function for a specific phase of time through which the organisation is required to do a variety of performance or make some transformation in the way the company operates. There have been some assessments of the effectiveness of activities in the health and safety due to the comparatively new and occasional use of the work health and safety (Nielsen, 2014). The learning has been approved by the International Monetary Fund about the utilization of the financial industry in Australia (Shaw et al., 2013). The study discusses that the enforceable activities is quite effective in the transformation of behaviour of the subject of the business. From the perspective of the business, the enforceable activities propose a way to avoid the negative consequences related with the prosecution and to improve the high-quality elegance of the controller. From a controllers viewpoint they avoid costs and doubt connected with the prosecution and they need the business to build developments to the safety practices and describe them to the controller (Zanko Dawson, 2012). Sometimes the enforceable activities can be an alternative to the prosecution. There are valid implements, which require businesses to take on the variety of actions and inside changes to make sure the changes in work health and safety practice. Some potential mechanism that describes the changes in work health and safety practices includes- Shame: It is about informing the managers to be aware of the penalty of the business practices and helps in understanding the need of the business and how to fulfil it. Establish open communication: A major factor of maintaining the trust of an employee is to encourage open communication on the practical issues related to health and safety. No worker should panic in expressing distress to any matter they believe they would hinder the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) objective of the corporation. Employing and teaching the best managers to encourage convenient communication within each of the branches or department can help avoid communication related panic. Moreover developing a process of hiring keeping in mind the supervisors anxiety with respect to security of themselves and the people around them can be beneficial It is the job of a human resource manager to check the problems of the employees regularly. The manager needs to communicate one to one to observe and understand about the real problems of the workers. An employee who is feeling uncomfortable in expressing his/her concern to their manager might feel comfortable discussing the same with the human resources exper ts. It address small health and security issues, such as a spreading illness or discuss weather advice, using a company notice board or email. Execute strict safety policies: Preferably, the place of work should be totally risk free. However, some businesses, such as structure and mechanical engineering, essentially involve valuable work and unstable surroundings. Employees are not selected to work in certain high-risk situations should be discouraged from entering risky zones or challenging jobs that are not authorized to complete. . For commercial office surroundings, which require minimal physical risk, recognize all potential risks early and control minor hazardous accident. Offering health and safety training: An organisation should implement special health and safety training programs for all the employees of the organisation. The training programs should cover all the necessary plans, which include first aid, and urgent action plan. The perfect way to execute the strategies is by improving the health and safety standards of the workplace. Conclusion: Occupational health and safety should never be sidelined as an issue of service delivery. Health and safety for the workers is the most important aspect for the workers motivation and job satisfaction. This can influence the production of the worker and it also plays a big role in the retention process. Employee safety also affects the quality of care. Caring for an individual should always be the main concern and area of apprehension for the performance of the health system. The risks of workplace damage or sickness or else disorder vary both across and inside profession and production. The disclosure of the employee risks differ across the path of their time. Thus, examination which try to describe life course health effect or that use health description as variables to describe life related health effect or that use health characteristics as variables to help out explaining major life line evolutions such as retirement must have good details on the health and safety hazards. The m ain evaluation of development has been focussed at how well businesses are treating the damage and sickness of which they are responsive. Employees should be treated as a patient in case of health issue. Stakeholder schemes that include worldwide philosophy, nationwide policy encouragement and the participation of proficient councils, fitness facilities, schools can assist OSH (Occupational safety and health) hazard reduction process and fulfil the space. The Personal protective equipment movement represents a significant approach in bringing work-related safety and fitness policies to practice. It also certifies the interests of the health sectors most significant source and in turn that of the enduring and people they serve, therefore helping to change the health system totally at large. References: Fabius, R., Thayer, R. D., Konicki, D. L., Yarborough, C. M., Peterson, K. W., Isaac, F., ... Dreger, M. (2013). The link between workforce health and safety and the health of the bottom line: tracking market performance of companies that nurture a culture of health. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55(9), 993-1000. Haight, J. M., Yorio, P., Willmer, D. R. (2013, January). Health and Safety Management SystemsA Comparative Analysis of Content and Impact. In ASSE Professional Development Conference and Exposition. American Society of Safety Engineers. Hughes, P., Ferrett, E. (2015). Introduction to Health and Safety at Work: For the NEBOSH National General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety. Routledge. Nielsen, K. J. (2014). Improving safety culture through the health and safety organization: A case study. Journal of safety research, 48, 7-17. Phillips, J. A., Holland, M. G., Baldwin, D. D., Meuleveld, L. G., Mueller, K. L., Perkison, B., ... Dreger, M. (2015). Marijuana in the Workplace: Guidance for Occupational Health Professionals and Employers: Joint Guidance Statement of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses and the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 57(4), 459-475. Robertson, M., Henning, R., Warren, N., Nobrega, S., Dove-Steinkamp, M., Tibirica, L., ... CPH-NEW Research Team. (2013). The intervention design and analysis scorecard: a planning tool for participatory design of integrated health and safety interventions in the workplace. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55, S86-S88. Shaw, C. D., Braithwaite, J., Moldovan, M., Nicklin, W., Grgic, I., Fortune, T., Whittaker, S. (2013). Profiling health-care accreditation organizations: an international survey.International journal for quality in health care,25(3), 222-231. Yoon, S. J., Lin, H. K., Chen, G., Yi, S., Choi, J., Rui, Z. (2013). Effect of occupational health and safety management system on work-related accident rate and differences of occupational health and safety management system awareness between managers in South Korea's construction industry. Safety and health at work, 4(4), 201-209. Yorio, P. L., Willmer, D. R., Moore, S. M. (2015). Health and safety management systems through a multilevel and strategic management perspective: Theoretical and empirical considerations. Safety science, 72, 221-228. Zanko, M., Dawson, P. (2012). Occupational health and safety management in organizations: A review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14(3), 328-344.

The Garden Of Love Essays - The Garden Of Love, Negativity

The Garden Of Love ?The Garden of Love? is, quite obviously, a poem about life and the pursuit of happiness. It is also about the effects that negativity can have on love. Blake uses religion to convey the idea that negativity pervades and corrupts all life?(51 n.9), further supporting it with his use of rhyme scheme and imagery. In searching for love people often times emerge scarred and hostile from their fruitless efforts. Some continue to have faith in the idea of love and its possibilities, others do not. These folk sometimes seek refuge from their pain in a variety of houses. It is just as often that these refugees project their negative attitudes onto others that search for love and happiness. People who fear love can prevent others from finding it, because they change the positive surroundings to suit their negative world. the conflict between organized religion and the individual is the constant idea throughout the poem. Blake, himself, despised the Church, as an institution rather than an idea, and used religious symbols to show how structured religion can destroy the lover and creator within. A chapel has been built, perverting a once pure and loving environment. In inspecting the chapel, the persona feels only negativity from a religious house, as the gates are shut ?And Thou shalt not writ over the door?(6). Not only has man and machine invaded this place once full of life, but they have also brought with them negative commandments. The negative phrase, ?Thou shalt not? defies the instructions in Deuteronomy to write ?Thou shalt?- a positive commandment- ?upon the posts of they house and on thy gates,? supporting the notion that ?negative commandments pervade and corrupt all life?(51 n.9). Other images are used to represent individual and Church, positive and negative. He uses words that exude lif e and breath, such as ?green, love, bore,? and ?sweet flowers.? These are all positive images that support the individual's search for creativity and love within the natural environment(pre-Church). Blake uses negative images to represent the Church, which in turn conveys the effects that negativity and pessimism can have on positive things. Negativity can often overpower positivity. In ?The Garden of Love? negative images invade a positive environment and change it to suit its needs. The Church tears apart the natural environment in order to create a church, shuts the gates to keep out evil and poor people, and replacing the Garden of Love with a garden of death by substituting tombstones for flowers. Blake uses words that imply darkness and negativity, such as ?new building, gates, graves, black gowns,? and ?briars.? The positive images that are present in the first stanza of the poem eventually disappear and the poem is overflowing with negatives. ?And I saw it was filled with gr aves,/And tomb-stones where flowers should be:/And Priests in black gowns, were walking their rounds,/And binding with briars, my joys & desires?(9-12). The images of innocence and life that introduced the persona finds her place of refuge overgrown with darkness and infected with limitations. As Jean Hagstrum said, ?It is always the institutional Urizen who perverts natural life. In the garden of love in Experience stands an altar, and priests read commands from a book on a lectern? (531). What used to be a place lush with life and hope is being confined by negativity. Blake's use of conflicting imagery shows how negativity is infectious and limits love. Blake also uses the persona to show the effects of negativity on positivity. The persona changes throughout the poem as the influence of the organized Church on the environment increases. In the beginning, the voice is innocent, pure, open, and exploring, saying, ?I went to the Garden of Love,/and saw what I never had seen?/Where I used to play on the green? (1-4). The voice was individualistic and not influenced by any powers other than her own. However, as the poem progresses and the persona experiences more negativity, that voice changes. In the final lines, with the addition of internal rhyme scheme, the voice seems trapped and confused. ?And Priests in black gowns, were walking their rounds,/And binding with briars, my joys & desires?(11-12). In the first two stanzas of the

Herbal Practices essays

Herbal Practices essays Echinacea. Chiropractic. Gingko Biloba. Acupuncture. What do all these have in common? They are all part of what is known collectively as 'alternative medicine ¡. Readers may not be surprised to find disciplines such as  ¡Therapeutic Touch ¡ and acupuncture grouped under this label, but may be shocked to find that some seemingly well-established remedies such as chiropractic and vitamin supplements possess little or no scientific evidence for their claims. Partially for this reason, it is hard to (1) identify exactly what alternative medicine is and (2) what should be done about it. Alternative medicine, primarily, is any discipline claiming to alleviate health problems which relies on an uncorroborated theory  ¡V that is, a theory which has little or no scientific evidence to back it up. (It is a common misconception that testimonials can somehow count as evidence that a practice works, and this is used often in commercials. Even if the testimonial is sincere, it is quite possible that a treatment has nothing to do with a recovery. Testimonials are often guilty of post hoc ergo prompter hoc, or  ¡after which, therefore because of ¡.) This means any of a plethora of practices may fall under the blanket term. Many alternative medicine (or 'AM ¡) disciplines have been proven to have no detectable effect on patients, and yet still have adherents  ¡V practitioners of Krieger ¡s Therapeutic Touch, for instance, have proven unable to detect the 'human energy field ¡ their discipline insists all humans have (Rosa et. Al. 1008). Nevertheless, thousands of nurses still practice it. Other disciplines have shown themselves to produce some benefit, but are based on theories with no backing. Chiropractic care, for instance, can relieve back pain through spinal manipulation; but the theory behind chiropractic  ¡V the 'theory of subluxators ¡, which  ¡states that misaligned or 'subluxated ¡ vertebrae cause 'nerve interference tha...

Alexander the Great Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Alexander the Great - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that prior to conquering the entire known world, Alexander made sure that his seized all the power in Macedonia and Greece. So, having performed that, this great general led his army to Asia Minor, then Palestine and eventually Egypt. One should keep in mind that at that time Egypt was under the rule of Persians; that is why it was them who fought against Alexander, not the Egyptians. The latter, in fact, did not show any resistance to him, greeting him as a liberator rather than an oppressor. Indeed, there were several battles that Alexander won before entering Egypt. Thus, after the battle of Issus, attacking Tyre and conquering Gaza, his military supremacy was evident. In Egypt he did not introduce any significant change; quite the opposite, he claimed that he was the son of Zeus and Ammon and agreed to be treated as a divine ruler, according to the Egyptian traditions.As the discussion stresses  Persian Empire was the strongest power in the region in question. It emerged much before Alexander and was generally regarded as the dominant player. However, it could not match the military power of the Macedonian general. Battle after battle the Persian king Darius fled the battlefield, leaving his soldiers alone.  It is quite obvious that after Alexander was able to conquer the capital, the military men did not support Darius who was constantly running away from his opponent and killed him.

Case study - Franchising Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

- Franchising - Case Study Example The description will seek to apprehend four business ventures that John indulged in, and how they were substantial in building his career. The discussion will provide the merits and demerits of each particular venture; as well as, providing substantive recommendation that John could have opted at each business venture. Background One: Radiator Repair Based on the information presented in this extract, it is good to acknowledge that the radiator business has significant impact on John life. Firstly, John through the business got accustomed to running a service business. On this account, it is good to understand that the radiator business has significant challenges. The knowledge that the business has multi-customers with diverse needs hardens John, equipping him with the ability to handle different customer needs differently. Again, the knowledge that John conducted a family business has significant impact on how he could handle future business. Primarily, family businesses are challe nged by a plethora of factors, the concept of trust and authenticity often dominates different segments of the business. John was hardened to understand the essentiality having a manly figure in the business. This will later be reflected in his future business indulgence alongside different companies. However, there are categorical limitations of this business venture. Firstly, the consideration that radiator repair is a technical job which in any case have limited compensation is not a great idea for an employee. Again, his step-father never encouraged John to take over the franchise and in this case, John was relegated to the concept of a mere employee. In fact, the decision to leave the franchise is whole bestowed on the knowledge that his salary at the radiator business was not sufficient enough to manage his life. John had a family along the way and the radiator venture was not a substantive investment opportunity. In my opinion, John Leaving the radiator repair business owned by his father was a resounding move since it would enable him to look into a broader concept in learning new challenges of building a business from scratch. Background Two: Automotive paint touch-up A prominent character in John is his will to learn new things and his optimism. The idea to enter the automotive paint touch-up business was a bold step considered between John and Joan. The family reallocation to Colorado to build up the franchise was a realistic concept. According to the extract John and Joan did build the business for several years. The advantages of this business are the reallocation and consequently, building the business from scratch in an area which John and Joan lacked market. This was a logical step since it hardened John business concept making John understand the ideal reality of operating a business in a foreign environment. However, this strategy attracts criticism in some sense. Firstly, the knowledge that John and Joan left a prevailing market, in this cas e, John has start-up customers in the automotive industry is a dominion factor of consideration. John and Joan could have done successfully better if they continued with this alternative in Texas. Again, the consideration that this business was a blue-collar type of technical investment was not advisable venture considering John had deep dreams in

Robert Mondavi Company Essay Example for Free

Robert Mondavi Company Essay California wine-maker Robert Mondavi has been one of the worlds most innovative and high-quality producers of fine wine. The Mondavi family did significant effort on showing the Napa Valley region to the forefront of international winemaking. Robert Mondavi is an Italian migrant and started his winemaking business since 1960s. His intelligence and passion in wine lead him to be a legend in Californian premium wine industry and owned brands like Robert Mondavi Napa Valley, Robert Mondavi Coastal, Woodbridge, Vichon Mediterranean, Caliterra and Lucente. Since 1979, Mondavi has also produced, in joint partnership with the Baron Phillippe de Rothschild wine family, the ultra-premium Opus One label. The company sells about 10 million cases of wine per year, with Woodbridge as its top-selling label. In 2001, the company earned $481 million in revenues and distributed wine in more than 80 countries. The Robert Mondavi Corporation went public in 1993, although the Mondavi family controls 92 percent of voting stock. Problem Statement How can the Robert Mondavi Company strengthen their competitive advantages and thrive in the long run in the global wine industry with many established and consolidated competitors. External Analyses – Porter’s Five Forces †¢Buyers The bargaining power of buyers in the wine industry is fairly high due to their concentrated control of sales at both wholesale and retail levels. Several large distributors control a substantial share of the market and generate most of the revenue for wine producers such as Mondavi. At the retail level, supermarkets and discount chains have become more concentrated, often accounting for 70% or more of off-premise sales in Europe. In fact, Mondavi’s largest wholesaler, Southern Wine and Spirits, accounted for 29% of the firm’s sales. And Costco, the largest wine retailer in US, also accounted for 10% of Mondavi’s total sales volume. The  concentrated bargaining power of buyers gives the large wholesalers and retailers significant influence and power over wine producers’ business decisions. †¢Suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers is relatively low in the wine industry due to the large number of suppliers for raw materials such as corks, bottles, and grapes; and prices for these raw materials are relatively stable as a result of significant competition. This situation creates less bargaining power of suppliers. On the other hand, backward integration within the industry also weakens the bargaining power of suppliers because the companies can control their supply chain. For instance, Mondavi signs long-term contacts with its grape suppliers and works closely with growers to improve grape quality and availability. This practice increases the price stability and limits the suppliers’ bargaining power over the company. †¢Entrants The threat of new entrants in the wine industry is fairly low. Winemaking is a capital-intensive business that requires significant investments in working capital, as well as the cost of acquiring land. For luxury wine producers, an acre of land can sell for as much as $150,000 in California and $250,000 in France. There is also the fact that a new plot of land cannot produce revenue for several years, due to the maturity of the grapes. A new entrant must be able to sustain itself in the industry with no revenues or profits for a reasonably long start-up period. For these reasons, the threat of new entrants in the wine industry is fairly low. †¢Rivalry The threat of rivalry is very high in the premium wine business. Major focused competitors in the premium wine market include Kendall-Jackson, Trinchero Estates, Southcorp and Robert Mondavi. Large-volume producers such as EJ Gallo and Constellation Brands are also shifting toward the premium wine market. And even large alcoholic beverage firms such as Diageo, Foster’s Group, Brown-Forman and Allied Domecq are acquiring wineries to enter the premium wine business. The number of big competitors and  aggressive acquisitions within the industry makes the competition of rivalry exceedingly intense in the premium wine industry. †¢Substitutes The threat of substitution in the wine industry is high since there are many alternatives including both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. The alcoholic beverages mainly include beer and distilled spirits, while the non-alcoholic beverages include soda, coffee, and water. According to Exhibit 18a, beer accounts for nearly 55% of the World Market Share between the top 5 firms of beer, spirits, and wine, whereas wine only accounts for roughly 3%. Other substitutions include cheaper and large volume producers of wine such as EJ Gallo and Constellation Brands, which are both Mondavi’s competitors. Internal Analyses – VIRO †¢Access to capital Mondavi (MOND) is a publicly traded company listed on NASDAQ, which enables the company to extensively finance its investments and expansion through its access to the capital market. Mondavi’s access to capital is valuable as the firm raised approximately $600 million in exchange for its stock shares. Mondavi’s access to capital market is also rare since many of its competitors are still privately held or independent. In addition, the huge expenses and complicated processes of an Initial Public Offering make Mondavi’s access to capital market costly to imitate. Finally, Mondavi is organized to benefit from this resource and the firm has utilized its capital to invest in several new production lines, new brands, land acquisition and winery acquisitions etc. †¢Path dependence on land One resource of Mondavi is its path dependence on land. Robert Mondavi bought his first winery in Napa Valley in 1943 for $75,000. Today that land is worth more than five times that amount. Since 1943, Mondavi has made many similar purchases, and the land is only increasing in value. For this reason, Mondavi’s path dependence on land creates value for the firm.  Mondavi’s path dependence on land is also rare in the industry. Not many of Mondavi’s competitors have the same history with purchasing real estate as Mondavi. Since path dependence on land results from past actions, and since real estate in the wine industry is always appreciating, it makes this resource very costly to imitate. Finally, the organization is benefiting from Mondavi’s path dependence on land. Without it, the company would be spending millions of dollars on purchasing land, and would most likely not have the same competitiveness that it has today. †¢Organizational structure Mondavi has reorganized its organization structure into three distinct business units: RMW, Woodbridge, and Joint Ventures Small Wineries. This structure is valuable to the firm as it helps to enhance the brand clarity within the company. Customized sales and marketing strategies help shape the distinct competitive positioning for each of the firm’s brands. Although Mondavi’s organizational structure is not common in the industry, it would not be very costly for its competitors to imitate this structure. †¢Variety of brands One capability of Mondavi is its variety of brands. A variety of brands creates value for the firm because they can sell to different customers in different markets, thus increasing their customer base. Many of Mondavi’s competitors also have a variety of brands, making it not rare in the industry. †¢Reputation Mondavi has 16 different wine brands through company-owned wineries and joint ventures. Each brand had a reputation for quality in its market segment and good relationships with the independent growers. It is definitely a valuable source of the company. However, a resource is rare simply if it is not widely possessed by other competitors. In this case, most of the competitors of Mondavi all have high quality reputation and well-known brand name, so it is not rare in the premium wine industry. †¢High quality Robert Mondavi Winery has been recognized as one of America’s highest-quality winemakers since 1960s. Mondavi consistently uses only high-quality fruit along with traditional winemaking and aging processes to produce premier wines. RMC wine’s high quality has attracted a good number of loyal customers and rewarded the company a decent market share. Nevertheless, high quality is not exceedingly rare in the segment, competitors such as Trinchero Estates, Kendall Jackson and many other traditional European wineries also produce quality wines. †¢History Robert Mondavi founded the iconic Robert Mondavi Winery in 1966. As early as the late 1960s, Robert Mondavi Winery helped introduce to California such fine winemaking techniques as the use of cold fermentation, stainless steel tanks, and French oak barrels. The history is the valuable and intangible source of the company. But since most of Mondavi’s competitor also have remarkable histories, it is not rare in comparison with others. †¢Process innovation Robert Mondavi became one of America’s most innovative winemakers by introducing many new methods and techniques. These techniques included cold fermentation, stainless steel tanks, and the use of small French oak barrels as a way to age fine wine. He also enhanced the company by working with NASA to apply remote-sensing and digital mapping techniques which in turn helped enhance the vineyard. The company also developed a capsule-free, flange-top bottle. Mondavis innovative process is very valuable, because it keeps his company at the top of the industry. For example, in 1972 his 1969 Cabernet Sauvignon was named the best wine produced in California. Assuming these techniques are firm specific, Mondavis process is very rare and costly to imitate. Overall, the new inventions and innovative processes have allowed the company to be successful and earn money throughout the years. Alternative Solutions †¢Merger Mondavi is currently competing in a market were consolidation has become the  new norm within the past decade. Many of Mondavi’s competitors have been aggressively consolidating, and the results have been profitable for them. An optimal merger partner would be with a well- established firm that already has a market presence in different geographic regions, such as Constellation. The advantages of this strategy would be the opportunities that would arise from entering new markets and regions, as well as the opportunity to become more cost effective. By consolidating like operations in both firms, such as accounting, the firm can reduce costs and increase the bottom line. Another advantage of merging would be that the new consolidated company would have a viable presence in more market segment. The disadvantages of this strategy are possible public disapproval, as well as loss of independent reputation. Another disadvantage would be the initial costs involved with consolidatin g like operations, and other predictable costs of merging. To stay competitive in the industry and to gain market share in new geographic regions, it would be beneficial for Mondavi to consider the consolidation strategy †¢Global expansion Mondavi sells 90.5% of its wine domestically, but the United States is only ranked ten in wine consumption worldwide. For this reason, Mondavi should consider a global expansion strategy. The advantage of a global expansion strategy is the increased market share, and exposure to a larger customer base. Only 12% of Mondavi’s customers consume 88% of their wine. Mondavi must increase their customer base to stay competitive in the long run. The disadvantage of this strategy is the risk and costs involved when entering new markets. It is very expensive to not only place a product in a new market, but to also market the product and build brand awareness. Global expansion also takes a major time commitment and investment in human capital. These costs make it a very risky venture with no guarantee for success, because early-mover competitors, such as Southcorp and EJ Gallo, already have significant market share and resource advantages in these foreign markets. For the necessary reaso n of increasing their customer base, Mondavi should consider a global expansion strategy. †¢Sale of the firm The entire Mondavi reputation and history are built around the legacy of Robert Mondavi. When Robert Mondavi is no longer active in the business, it may create financial distress for the company. Mondavi built his winery from the perspective of a family business that produces high quality products with innovative processes and environmentally friendly methods. Over the years, Mondavi introduced new techniques to the California wine industry, and he also hosted concerts, art exhibits, and other cultural events at the winery. Mondavi has built his reputation and customer loyalty by producing award winning products and being involved with the community. If Robert Mondavi is no longer here, then his reputation and history may die with him. For these reasons, Mondavi might want to consider selling the company as an exit strategy. Recommendation and Implementation Overall, we recommend Robert Mondavi Company to merge with another well-established firm such as Constellation that holds significant market shares in both domestic and international markets. The new consolidated company would have the opportunity to enter new market segments and geographic regions. Cost effectiveness would be another huge benefit when operations and processes are consolidated. This option of merger is superior to global expansion in term of cost and time efficiency. Merger is also better than sale of the firm because it will keep the core competencies of the company rather than abandon the entire business. Once all the formalities of the merger are complete, the new company must start an integration process. The company must decide what name to keep, as well as what to do about the shareholders. If the company that Mondavi merged with is a public company, they must decide on how to convert the shares. If the company is a private one, they must make a decision on issuing more shares or buying out the current shareholders. The newly merged company must also start consolidating like operations as soon as possible to benefit from the forecasted cost savings. Finally, the new company must decided which brands will sell in which market, along with the appropriate enter and exit strategies.

Free Essays: Impact of the Word on Dickinson :: Biography Biographies Essays

Impact of the Word on Dickinson In Donald E. Thackrey’s essay "The Communication of the Word," he talks about how "the power of the individual word, in particular, seems to have inspired her with nothing less than reverence" (51). Dickinson approached her poetry inductively, that is, she combined words to arrive at whatever conclusion the patterns of the words suggested, rather than starting out with a specific theme or message. Instead of purposefully working toward a final philosophical point, Dickinson preferred to use series of "staccato" inspirations (51). Dickinson frequently used words with weight in her work, and as a result her works usually cannot be grasped fully in one reading without dissecting each word individually. Often Dickinson would compile large, alternative word lists for a poetry before she would come to a decision on which word was "just right" for the impact she wished to achieve (52). For example, this poem displays Dickinson’s use of alternative, thesaurus-like lists: Had but the tale a thrilling, typic, hearty, bonnie, breathless, spacious, tropic, warbling, ardent, friendly, magic, pungent, winning, mellow teller All the boys would come— Orpheus’s sermon captivated, It did not condemn.    Eventually, Dickinson came to rest on the word "warbling," but one can see the meticulous care that she put into the decision on which word to use. Another poem of Dickinson’s that shows her compositional method is "Shall I Take Thee?" the Poet Said." In this poem, Dickinson discusses from where the power of the world comes. "Shall I take thee?" the poet said To the propounded word. "Be stationed with the candidates Till I have further tried."    The poet probed philology And when about to ring For the suspended candidate, There came unsummoned in    That portion of the vision The word applied to fill. Not unto nomination The cherubim reveal. In the preceding poem, one can see the artistic style come through her composition. The best representation of that particular idea comes from the author Donald Thackrey when he says: It is significant that the revealed word comes "unsummoned" in a flash of intuition†¦.and yet the implication of the poem is that the revealing of the word must be preceded by the preparatory, conscious, rational effort of probing philology†¦She [Dickinson] herself was well aware that inspiration, while all-sufficient when present, seldom came even to a great poet.

JKL International plc. International Human Resource Essay

INTRODUCTION With the trend of globalisation, the number of multinational companies is constantly increasing as well as expatriates (Business Recorder, 2011). Expatriate management now is an essential issue of human resource department because it takes a large amount of budget from the corporation. It is inevitable for expatriates to face culture barriers in subsidiaries because of unique national cultures in all countries over the world. National culture is †cultural experiences, beliefs, learned behaviour patterns, and values shared by citizens of the same nation† (Neale _et al_, 2006, p.26). A national culture will significantly affect any employee working in firms and furthermore, national culture will influence the management framework in a company as well accompanied with organisational culture so that cross culture management is helpful not only for the supervisors’ decisions but also for employees especially for expatriates (Chen, 2006, p. 2). In the case study of JKL, it showed a range of problems in their expatriates which related national cultures and JKL will implement a British managerial system into its Russian subsidiary. This essay will first examine the problems and issues in managing expatriates in JKL and then evaluate the proposal from Jim Flinn, the CEO of Zagorski who will apply an entire British managerial system into a Russian subsidiary. ORGANISATIONAL CONTEXT (CASE STUDY) JKL is a British pharmaceutical company which was founded in 1925 and it has expanded its business by acquiring other pharmaceutical companies in Malaysia, India, Greece and USA. Recently, JKL has made the largest acquisition of Zagorski, a pharmaceutical company in Russia. At the headquarter of UK, JKL applies a decentralised organisational structure. All managers are required to give their own opinions to avoid some drawbacks of group decision making which is conformity pressure in groups (Robbins and Judge, 2009, p.336). Employees are allowed to propose valuable ideas to manufacture and administrative systems as well. Supervisors will award monetary incentives (one of the physical needs) as motivation to employees and managers (Carrell, Elbert and Hatfield, 2000, p.129) if their initiatives are judged as potential innovations. On the other hand, in subsidiaries, JKL applied localised human resource practices in order to fit local cultural values and legal systems (Dowling, Festing and Engle, 2008, p.217) by keeping local managers with existing  organisational and managerial systems. In past years, those subsidiaries in Malaysia, India and Greece were continually making profits to JKL and JKL also regularly sent managers and specialists to those subsidiaries for expatriation in a period of time. After the acquisition of Zagorski, Dr. Jim Flinn will be the CEO who had spent last three years in the subsidiary of USA. PART ONE: EXPATRIATES MANAGEMENT AND CROSS CULTURE MANAGEMENT IN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS INTRODUCTION Culture is a popular topic in literature research and it could be described as a †software of the mind† (Hofstede, 1991, p. 2) .With the trend of globalisation, managing cultural differences has become an important issue in human resource management of multinational corporations. Misunderstanding may be occurred if culture differences are not well-managed even these colleagues are working in the same organisation (Hall, 1995, p.6). In the case study, seven expatriates of JKL have their own problems and for JKL, there is a high expatriate leaving rate after repatriation (Appendix F). This essay will identify the problem of seven expatriates working in JKL and its subsidiaries and after that, rational proposals of changes will be given to them on the basis of improvements of JKL’s human resource department. EXPATRIATES AND ORGANISATION PROBLEMS AND PROPOSALS FOR CHANGES EXPATRIATES In the case study it lists seven expatriates with their problems and in the following essay they will be numbered from A to G. A (RETURNED FROM PENNSYLVANIA, USA) According to the case study, expatriate A was the first expatriate to Pennsylvania because of an attractive salary. The reason of returning is that expatiate A was annoyed about following managers received better compensation packages than him although they were almost doing the same works. The main problems of the human resource department of JKL are rewarding system and lack of correct performance appraisal system. †Every employee believes, and most experts believe, that pay and rewards are an important part of an organisation’s human resource management† (Harris, Brewster and Sparrow, 2003, p.91). In fact, the first expatriate to a subsidiary will face loads of difficulties in practical and then try to solve them as a pioneer (Business Wire, 1998). As a result, the first expatriate is deserved to have a better compensation package than followers. As the perspective of organisation, the first expatriate may important to human resource managers because this person can be regarded as a training model of human resource management (Arusha Times, 2009, p.16). On the other hand, because of lacking effective performance appraisal, expatriate A had a lower compensation package compared with following managers and that may be the reason of the compensation package of expatriate A was retain unvarying for a long time as well. Expatriates sometimes will feel unfair if performance evaluate system is not effective enough because insufficient performance appraisal system may make expatriates uncertain of their performance especially for those hard working expats (Gordon, 2010, p.56). The possible solution of dealing this problem is establishing an effective reward system by performance appraisal (Performance -related reward system). Performance-related pay (PRP) can change the payment from a rigid structure to a flexible way depended on performance (Harris, Brewster and Sparrow, 2003, p.94). By applying this system, the productivity of employees will be significantly increased and for expatriates, they will be motivated and more  willing to finish their assignments as well (Gielen, Kerkhofs and Van, 2010, p.299). Furthermore, accurate evaluation is also a factor which company need to take account because there is an essential link between motivation and performance appraisal (Carrell, Elbert and Hatfield, 2000, p.315). B (RETURNED FROM INDIA) The reason of expatriate B returning to UK is that his spouse and child had enough of India living and schooling as seemed to be suffering (Case Study). The main problem of the human resource department of JKL is expatriate selection especially in cross-cultural suitability and family. Cross-cultural suitability and family are two of the most crucial criteria of expatriate selection (Dowling, Festing and Engle, 2008, p.120). In culture aspect, Hofstede’s national culture model demonstrated the main various between UK and India in power distance and individualism (Appendix A). According to appendix A, the power distance column in India is much higher than it in UK as well as individualism so that there maybe the reason of his spouse had enough of India. In addition, unlike Western Europe civilisation, there is a caste system in India which cause the high power distance and many females in India basically are not regarded as equal to males (Robert _et al_., 2000, pp.654-656). Moreover, individualism in India is much less important than UK so that residents in India intend to work, study and live collectively (South Asian Studies, 2011) that is totally different to UK. As a result, the wife and child keened on back to UK because of the cultural adjustment problem while her husband was still working only with British colleagues (Case Study). The solutions will be provided here are selecting an appropriate candidate as an expatriate and putting more emphasis on cross-cultural suitability and family requirement. Cotemporary, the family element is having more important weight in expatriate selection because of non-working factors and potential influence to working expatriates (Andreason and Aaron, 2008, pp. 386-387). C (RETURNED AFTER A-FIVE-YEAR-ASSIGNMENT AND WOULD BE SENT OUT IMMEDIATELY) The problem of JKL here is about repatriate management and in detail; it will be related to re-entry management. In general, after completing an international assignment, an expatriate will go back to the home country as called re-entry or repatriation (Harzing and Ruysseveldt, 2004, p.337). However, most repatriates will cope with culture shock after they back to the home country. Using an example of India and UK here, although many British work in India as expats for its booming economic and after their finishing assignments, back to UK, they therefore only find they cannot work under a UK context (The International Herald Tribune, 2009). That may be the reason that JKL sent employee C abroad again without hesitation in order to avoid coping with culture shocks (Case Study). It is obviously that JKL need to improve their repatriate management and there are many models here from other multinational companies. JKL could ‘Offer repatriation training, pre-departure training, and re-entry orientation to employees and their families’ (Liu, 2005, p.129) and expats can increase the awareness of repatriation and decrease the uncertainty after back to the home country . Moreover, JKL could prepare a job vacancy in expatriate management division of human resource management because expatriates have various working experiences in other countries (Berman and Ursula, 2009, pp.80-81). D (NOW WORKING IN GREECE AS AN EXPATRIATE) The major issue of expatriate D in Greece now is adapting the local customs and culture in Greece although JKL had a prepared pre-departure training programme (Case Study). In Hofstede’s national culture demonstration of UK and Greece (Appendix B), the uncertainty avoidance is extremely high and no long-term orientation in Greece. In the case of expatriate D, a problem of communication is occurred as well. In theoretical aspect, there four problems in cross-cultural oral communication: †semantics, word connotations, tone differences and differences among perceptions† (Robbins and Judge, 2009, pp.407-408) and English and Greek are classified to two different language system. As a result, it will take a longer training  programme to completely learn and understand a foreign language. Likewise the body language and gestures in England are slightly different to the world, for example, a †V† gesture means victory or peace in many countries but in England, †if the palm and fingers face inward, it means ‘up yours’ especially if executed with an upward jerk of the fingers† (New York Times, 1996, p.E7). Consequently, post-departure training is a rational option for expatriate D to continually make adjustments into Greek culture. The reason is that post-departure training is suit for expatriates living in a country which has an entirely different culture and it can accelerate accustoming another culture (Managing Training and Development, 2005). E AND F (CONFUSED AFTER REPATRIATE) Expatriate E and F have similar problems after finishing their international assignments because JKL currently have no response about their repatriate (Case Study). The problem of JKL must be repatriate management. The possible solution will be provided here is putting emphasis on repatriate management. In fact, in last ten years, there is an increasing number of multinational corporations focus on repatriate management while in 1990s, only few companies would hold a re-entry discussion. According to a survey in 1997, only 27% firms supposed to hold a discussion about re-entry and it had been improved in 2000s. In 2004, there are 86% companies intended to discuss the re-entry issue (Dowling, Festing and Engle, 2008, p.199). JKL could offer repatriate supports to repatriates such as give interaction to human resource management to increase the sense of loyalty so that the company can avoid losing these experienced employees (Harzing and Ruysseveldt, 2004, pp. 343-344). G (THOUGHT GREEK DISCRIMINATE AGAINST FEMALE) From expatriate G’s case, it seems Greek dislike the idea of female even she is well qualified or experienced (Case Study). Thus, for JKL, it shall  investigate the culture and even the working environment in Greece. From Hofstede’s national culture model, UK and Greece possess almost the same figure in masculinity and Greece actually has a lower masculinity figure than UK (Appendix B). However, the power distance in Greece is much higher than it in UK which means whatever a male or female, their ideas are hardly applied to supervisors as an employee. In Greek working condition, it is surprisingly to find much evidence of discrimination against female. According to an official report written by Greek Helsinki Monitor (GHM) and the World Organisation against Torture (OMCT) (2002, pp.13-21), there are approximately 4500 rapes in working communities every year and only 6% are reported to police. Furthermore, Sexual harassment in communities is common in Greece due to no specific legislation of sexual harassment. Those factors may be the reasons of Greek male employees discriminate against female in the working place. In JKL’s view, it is a challenge to solve this problem as well, one of the effective ways is sending a male expatriate instead of female employee in Greece to prevent any hidden risks in Greece and make further investigation in Greek subsidiaries. ORGANISATION From the case study, JKL have a high expatriate failure rate (Exceed 46%) in subsidiaries except USA (Appendix F). JKL has paid a low attention on cross culture management because it applies a localised managerial system and most managers in the subsidiaries are from the host countries. In fact, many multicultural corporations which apply localised managerial system have the same issue in manage culture difference (National Centre for Vocational Education Research, 2006, p.1). According to Brunstein (1995, pp. 275-280), a localised managerial system will positively fit the local context and it is easier to bring profit like autonomy units in a shorter of time than centralised management system. However, the drawbacks are employees especially the expatriates from the parent company will probably face a huge  culture shock in the subsidiary if their cultures are totally different. As a result, JKL must release many improvements in human resource department especially in expatriate management field. If JKL continually applies a localised managerial system in acquired firms, it may only have problems on expatriates’ management. However, once the supervisors intended to transplant the whole management system into a country with entirely different national culture like flag-planting, it definitely will bring a serious impact to the target subsidiary and the worst consequence may like the failure of Japanisation entering UK in 1990s. CONCLUSION The main problem that JKL has is on its international human resource management as a part of managerial system. In the case study, seven expatriate had a range of typical expatriate problems comprising training, expatriate selection and repatriate management. Moreover, 43 per cent of expatriate left JKL after their repatriation and at least 46 per cent of expatriate cannot complete their tour in subsidiaries except USA. In short, those fundamental factors of expatriates’ problems are totally based on various national cultures that JKL need to take account in its cross culture management. PART TWO: APPRAISE THE DECENTRALISED MANAGERIAL SYSTEMS OF JKL APPLIED IN RUSSIAN AFFILIATE INTRODUCTION Like national cultures, many companies have developed their own organisational culture as well as managerial structure. Organisational structure is important to multinational corporations because it will definitely interact with different national cultures in host countries (Francesco and Gold, 2005, p.236). In the case study, JKL applies a  polycentric control system in Malaysia, India and Greece and decision making authority is awarded to subsidiaries in order to avoid drawbacks on the motivation and political problems in these countries (Stonehouse _et al_, 2004, pp.382-383). As a result, those subsidiaries make profit very shortly (Case Study). This essay will evaluate Jim Flinn’s proposal who intends to transplant a whole managerial system from JKL headquarter to its Russian affiliate. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS OF JKL’S AND ZAGORSKI’S STRUCTURES AND MANAGERIAL SYSTEMS At the headquarter in UK and its affiliate in USA, JKL uses a decentralised management structure and employees will be empowered to make decisions on their own works (Case Study). Currently, many European multinational companies applied decentralised managerial structure and developed an organisational culture called ‘old boys network’ with high autonomy (Bartlett, Ghoshal and Birkinshaw 2003 pp.342-343). Decentralised structure is one of the most successful management systems in transnational corporations which has experienced a long time modification and has generated many derivative systems. Under this system, diverse standards are made to fit specific manufacturing cases and it will enhance developing new and innovative products (Johnson _et al_, 2008, p. 166). For JKL, it is a brilliant choice because innovation is actually a crucial factor to a pharmaceutical company. Yet, the weak point of this system is hard to implement global business strategies because those subsidiaries are working as autonomies while Zagorski used to apply a centralised structure which renowned for the efficiency of implements business strategies. Furthermore, JKL developed a monitoring system with performance appraisal in headquarter and USA which can significantly motivate employees in working place (Decenzo and Robbins, 1999, pp. 292-294). However, there are a few weaknesses of performance appraisal system. For example, a report from General Electric (GE) which applied performance appraisal system and it found that those employees who received a honest but negative feedback from supervisors would actually not motivated them but decrease the motivation in their work  (Oberg, 2000, p. 64). On the contrast, a centralised structure has a formal bureaucracy system with a tall hierarchy and fixed official duties (Francesco and Gold 2005, pp.240-241). This structure is therefore suit for small or middle-sized companies at the beginning stage for effective control power in strategy implementation (Jeong, 2001, p. 446). One the other hand, the Economist (2004, p.33) found that with the increasing size of firms, a centralised structure will constantly lose the efficiency of decision making process through the complicated bureaucracy system and the employees will get used to receive orders from supervisors instead of expressing their own idea. In addition, there is no performance related rewards in Zagorski because a tall hierarchy management system proposed to make a uniform management system by formalised, vertical and fair control so that regulations are designed to fit every employee as a same unit (Czinkota, Ronkainen and Moffett, 1999, p.712). NATIONAL CULTURE DIFFERENCES JKL used to transplant their management system to its subsidiary in USA and it successful worked. This is the main reason that Jim Flinn, the former manager in US affiliate wants to transplant the system to Russia again. Before making the final decision, it is necessary to analyse the reasons of this success in USA. As main economics in Europe and North America, there are many similarities in the national culture of UK and USA. According to Harris, Moran and Moran (2004, pp.297-298, pp. 437-440), free enterprise, culture affinity, English speaking, private, good manners, aggressive and self-realisation are the common key words of American and British. Moreover, in Hofstede’s national culture model (Appendix C), the national culture of USA and UK are almost the same and in uncertainty avoidance column, USA is slightly higher than UK. However, Russia is totally a different country in East Europe. First, employees in Russia are regarded as a kind of cost rather than a resource (Organizational Dynamics, 1999, p.75). Second, beside the language usage, all management decisions are made by supervisors in business context.  Furthermore, Russian basically have a slow time sense and they intend to work collectively (Harris, Moran and Moran, 2004, pp.497-500). In Hofstede’s national culture demonstration (Appendix D), Russia has a higher power distances, lower individualism, higher uncertainty avoidance and no long term orientation compared to UK and USA. From a report, Russian firms used to apply a reactor business strategy in order to meet immediate need instead of long term benefits but most of those companies are finally failed (Milles and Snow, 1978, p. 353). RELEVANT CASES After culture analysis, it is showed that there is a huge difference in national culture between Russia and UK. Hence, it is not sure that Jim Flinn will still succeed again in his transplanting programme. Look back at history, in 1990s, Japanisation once became a popular word in UK and Toyota established its manufacturing plant in Derby in 1992 because there was an existing skilled engineering workforce there (The Independent, 1992, p.23). During the early 1990’s only about 55000 people were employed by Japanese companies in the UK (The Journal, 1999). Japanisation is a Japanese managerial system with Cost-centred Just in Time System, long term contracts, vertical integration to supplier and low labour turnover rate (Hasegawa, 2001, pp.165-166). However, once Japanese manager attempted to entirely implement this system into British subsidiaries, it was not worked effectively with British employees and many Japanese companies like Nissan finally failed in UK market because Japanese manufacturing method did not fit British economic and culture conditions with collective working method (Procter and Ackroyd, 1998, p. 241, pp.244-245). In Hofstede’s national culture model (Appendix E), Japan is a collective, success oriented and long term oriented country with high uncertainty avoidance which is almost an opposite of UK. It is recommended to apply a centralised managerial structure in Russia because many most Russian companies applied a †traditional production-oriented culture with strong factory patriotism† just like a  typical Soviet traditions (Clarke, 2004, p. 418). In 2003, IKEA opened its first store in Russia and many Swedish worked in IKEA Russia as expatriates. After repatriation, their feedbacks are high power distance in the working place accompanied with rigid centralised management structures (Jonsson, 2008, p.34). Despite the nation culture of Russia possess a high power distance, there are some autonomous states in Russia which has rich unexplored natural resources such as Komi and Sakhalin actually have a more decentralised culture and many Dutch petroleum and pharmaceutical companies had established their affiliates with decentralised management structures in those regions (Condon, and Dauman, 1993, p.31). FORECAST According to the case study, Jim Flinn intends to use a ‘top-down’ change approach to transplant the managerial structure which may be imposed in a coercive manner (Balogun and Hailey, 2004, p.27). Once Jim Flinn has completely applied the management system that used in the headquarter and USA, the employees in Russian subsidiaries have to cope with a huge culture difference from West Europe. Jim Flinn may draw attention on the success of Dutch pharmaceutical companies in Russia as mentioned before. Thus, in a short term, transition will be a main issue in Russian subsidiary and it probably will take a long time in this process. However, in a long term perspective, the management structure of JKL’s headquarter may bring a range of benefits because a decentralised management system is exactly helpful in research and development department although the Russian employees are used to reluctant in changes (Case Study). CONCLUSION The main problem of JKL’s Russian affiliate is culture adjustment if Jim Flinn transplants the whole management structure from JKL to Zagorski. In fact, national culture will strongly influence the organisational culture as well as managerial framework of a company. Changing management system in a  subsidiary is not a flag-planting work because of various national cultures involved. In the first part of essay, some expatriates actually have problems on their international assignments in India and Greece. Hence, it can be estimated that, after the transplantation, many local employees working in Russia subsidiaries may have the same problems. Furthermore, many previous cases above are provided which could be used as a reference to Jim Flinn as well. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS This essay examined the problems in managing expatriates in JKL and evaluated the proposal from Jim Flinn who will transplant a British managerial system to a Russian subsidiary. 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